Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and into adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over-activity). 

• ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by an ongoing pattern of one or more of the following types of symptoms: 
• Inattention, such as having difficulty paying attention, keeping on task, or staying organized 
• Hyperactivity, such as often moving around (including during inappropriate times), feeling restless, or talking excessively 
• Impulsivity, such as interrupting, intruding on others, or having trouble waiting one’s turn

According to the NIH the age of onset is:  

• Based on data from the NSCH, the median age of onset for children with current ADHD was 6 years. 
• More severe cases of ADHD in children, as described by parents, were diagnosed earlier. 
• The median age of diagnosis for severe ADHD was 4 years. 
• The median age of diagnosis for moderate ADHD was 6 years. 
• The median age of diagnosis for mild ADHD was 7 years. 
• Approximately one-third of children diagnosed with ADHD retain the diagnosis into adulthood.  

Among children and adolescents with current ADHD, almost two-thirds were taking medication, and approximately half had received behavioral treatment for ADHD in the past year. Nearly 25% had received neither type of treatment for ADHD.

Symptoms of ADHD occur in childhood, and most children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms and impairment through adolescence and into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have difficulty controlling their behavior in school and social settings and often fail to achieve their full academic potential.

The key to effective long-term management of ADHD symptoms is continuity of care with clinicians experienced in the treatment of ADHD. The frequency and duration of follow-up sessions should be individualized for each family and child, depending on the severity of ADHD symptoms, the degree of comorbidity of other psychiatric illnesses, the response to treatment, and the degree of impairment in home, school, work, or peer-related activities.